Urine Consultation Scene

The urine consultation scene features just that: a physician inspecting a jar of urine. The practice of examining urine for diagnosing purposes—also known as uroscopy—was central in medieval and Renaissance medicine, and indeed, continues today, albeit in a different manner. Urine texts described the color, smell, and even taste of healthy and unhealthy urines, and how to diagnose a person’s illness through analyzing a urine sample. In the Fasciculus, this scene acts as a frontispiece to the diagram of urine glasses that directly follows, and the text on urines that begins after that.

1495: This version does not have the urine consultation scene.

1500: The 1500 edition of the urine consultation scene is, like the rest of the images in this version of the Fasciculus, vibrantly colored. It takes place outdoors, probably in an open Italian courtyard; a figure is positioned looking out through an open window in the background. Elegant, classical architecture frames the scene; the profile of a male head is carved into the center of two arches, supported by Corinthian columns. In the foreground, a physician and his followers have been stopped by two messengers hoping for his opinion on urine they have brought to him. The movement of those behind the physician—possibly his students—indicates they are perhaps walking to or from a lecture. The older messenger holds up an exaggeratedly large urine jar for inspection. The venerable physician, clad in long red robes, conveys his diagnosis. Below him, a young messenger holds a urine glass for consideration, waiting his turn.

1509: The 1509 urine consult scene reduces the monumental feeling of the 1500 version. The same outdoor setting is adopted, but the figures are larger in comparison to the architecture. The artist has also dispensed of the upper wall featuring the head in profile. The main action is the same, with the addition of an extra figure: standing to the left of the messenger is a heavily-bearded man observing the proceedings.

1513: The urine consult scene is missing from the 1513 version. It was likely printed on the reverse of the frontispiece, which is also missing.

1522: The 1522 urine consult scene differs from the 1500 edition only in that it is not painted.