Items

Title

Description

This manual for military surgeons first published in Strassburg in 1517 was only the second handbook on surgery to be published in Germany in the vernacular. It was reissued at least twelve times, with translations in Latin and Dutch. The Feldtbuch was written and compiled by Hans Gersdorff, an Alsatian army surgeon who had served in the Burgundian war. The book enumerates treatments for the injuries most common to soldiers, including gunshot wounds, loss of limbs, and leprosy. The woodcut illustrations, many by Johann Ulrich Wechtlin, are among the earliest European depictions of surgery. The gaze in these illustrations and throughout the text belongs to the surgeon. Little attention in the text or image is paid to the recovery or long-term rehabilitation of the patient; the focus is on the squarely on the surgical procedure itself. The last section of the book is devoted to three Latin-German glossaries on anatomy, pathology and the medicinal uses of herbs.

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Subjects (LC)

Anatomy, Early works to 1800, Herbs—Therapeutic use, Medicine, Medicine—History, Medical illustration, Medicine, Military—Study and teaching, Pathology, Surgery, Surgery—History, Surgery, Surgical instruments and apparatus, Wood-engraving, Wounds and Injuries—Surgery

Title

Engravings of the Arteries

Description

This early work by the Scottish anatomist Charles Bell was composed for medical students and aimed to offer accurately and simply-rendered illustrations of the arteries. It was used as a preparatory text for surgical study and practice. The ten engravings in this volume were hand-colored, and labelled with letters corresponding to explanatory descriptions of the arteries on the opposite page. Bell was an accomplished medical illustrator; the engravings were done by Thomas Medland after Bell’s drawings. For Bell, true anatomical understanding was aided in pairing accurate drawing with thorough description. Bell believed that a variety of bodies should be used as subjects, and that the artist must choose the most typical anatomical examples to copy accurately. Bell made important inroads in determining the sensory functions of the nervous system, and was an early advocate of the idea that different parts of the brain controlled different functions; his pioneering work on the brain and cranial nerves influenced the work of other important brain researchers for decades. Chief among his achievements are his very fine medical illustrations, unsurpassed in terms of efficiency of presentation and elegance. These are very much on display in this beautiful book.

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Subjects (LC)

Anatomy, Arteries, Arteries—Surgery, Atlases, Engraving, Medical illustration, Medicine, Nervous system, Surgery, Surgery—History

Title

Des aller furtrefflichsten, hoechsten und adelichsten Gschoepffs aller Creaturen

Description

Walther Hermann Ryff was a surgeon employed in Strassburg in the early 16th Century. One of the highlights of this text are the 42 hand-colored woodcuts in the text, compiled from a number of Renaissance sources. Depicted in the counterfeit style, the illustrations in this book would have implied eye witness knowledge and discovery. In this way, Ryff’s book asserted itself as a credible description of anatomy (though its illustrations were far from anatomically accurate). The text of this book relied on lectures in anatomy and physiology, compounded from other sources. His audience was the ‘gemeine,’ or common man, and its composition in German, rather than Latin, ensured it would have a wider audience. In this way, Ryff’s book would have been indispensable to new readers as a compilation of Renaissance knowledge about the body. The book also offers evidence about early printing history. The wood-blocks for this edition were reused for a set of broadsides before they were passed to a Parisian printer for new editions of Ryff’s work, and for a popular work on surgery. This illustrated the practice of passing wood-blocks from publisher to publisher, and shows how work published in one city continued to be published and disseminated in others

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Subjects (LC)

Anatomy, Anthropometry, Early works to 1800, Medical illustration, Medicine, Printing—History, Proportion (Art), Renaissance, Wood-engraving

Title

Specimen Medicinae Sinicae

Description

The Specimen Medicinae Sinicae is the first illustrated book published on Chinese medicine in the West. It contains an overview of Chinese medical practices including acupuncture and meridian theories, semiology of the tongue, descriptions of Chinese pharmaceuticals and their uses, and an important translation of a Ming treatise on pulse diagnosis. The Specimen includes thirty engraved plates and woodcut illustrations in the text, depicting the Chinese doctrine of the pulse and the semiology of the tongue, along with eight tables showing the variations of the pulses. Explaining Chinese pulse theory to a European audience proved difficult. Insufficient description of the plates, which pictured figures with doubled lines running through the bodies, confused western audiences, who interpreted these representations as indication that the Chinese didn't know their anatomy. The publication of the Specimen Medicinae Sinicae did little to change the commonly-held belief that the Chinese were crackerjack diagnosticians, with a misguided idea of the body's interior. The tenets of Chinese medicine and diagnostics were also somewhat muddled in the minds of westerners. Nevertheless, the translation did much to introduce pulse lore, acupuncture, and new materia medica to a Western audience of medical practitioners eager to experiment.

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Subjects (LC)

Acupuncture—China, Anatomy, Chinese—History, Early works to 1800, Materia medica—China, Medicine, Medicine, Chinese, Medical illustration, Pulse—Measurement

Geographic Subject

China

Title

Historae Rerum Naturalium, Liber Sextus, Qui agit Quadrupedibus, & Serpentibus

Description

The Dutch West India Company occupied northeastern Brazil from 1624 to 1654. In 1638, the physician Willem Piso and astronomer Georg Markgraf arrived as part of Johann Maurits’s research staff, tasked with promoting scientific studies in Brazil. This section of the Historia naturalis Brasiliae was written by Piso's colleague, the astronomer Georg Markgraf. Markgraf wrote the last eight sections of the Historia naturalis Brasiliae, of which this is the sixth. These sections as a whole were devoted to the medical uses of plants; to fish, birds, insects, quadrupeds and reptiles; and to full descriptions of geographic regions and their inhabitants. Markgraf also describes the appearance, habits, and environment of each animal depicted.

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Subjects (LC)

Botanical illustration, Early works to 1800, Indians of Central America, Indigenous crops, Indigenous peoples—Ecology, Natural history—Brazil, Natural history illustration, Medical geography, Medicine, Zoological illustration, Zoology—Brazil, Zoology—Pre-Linnean works, Wood-engraving

Title

[Introduction]

Description

The Dutch West India Company occupied northeastern Brazil from 1624 to 1654. In 1638, the physician Willem Piso and astronomer Georg Markgraf arrived as part of Johann Maurits’ research staff, tasked with promoting scientific studies in Brazil. This is the Introduction to their collaborative illustrated folio volume, which spanned 12 books and was published in 1648. Rich in description of native life, the book contains 446 woodcuts illustrating local flora and fauna, and comprises the most important early documentation of zoology, botany and medicine in Brazil.

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Subjects (LC)

Botanical illustration, Early works to 1800, Indians of Central America, Indigenous crops, Indigenous peoples—Ecology, Natural history—Brazil, Natural history illustration, Medical geography, Medicine, Zoological illustration, Zoology—Brazil, Zoology—Pre-Linnean works, Wood-engraving

Title

An Abstract of the Patent Granted by His Majesty King George…

Description

Patent medicines originated in England in the mid 17th century and were marketed with extravagant claims, offering cures for a host of maladies. Recommendations for dosage were vague, and ingredients (often including opium) were usually not specified. In 1726 Benjamin Okell was granted the royal patent for Dr. Bateman’s Pectoral Drops, a tincture of gambir (an astringent extract from an Asian plant) and opium. Advertisements published in the London Mercury as early as 1721 directed prospective customers to the warehouse and printing shop at Bow's Churchyard, where they could purchase the drops for one shilling. Our copy of the 1731 reprint by Peter Zenger is likely the first piece of medical printing in New York. Zenger, who would later become famous for printing seditious texts, was instrumental in establishing freedom of the press in America. The Academy has the only known copy. Bound with our copy of the abstract is a copy of A Short treatise of the virtues of Dr. Bateman's Pectoral Drops, also issued by Okell and his printing house partners. Here, Batemans efficacy as a treatment for numerous ailments are described in sections dedicated to each. The last section of the treatise offers testimonials from satisfied customers.

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Subjects (LC)

Advertising—Medicine, Early works to 1800, Fever, Medicine, Patent medicines, Rheumatism

Title: Fasciculus medicine in quo continentur : videlicet. [1495]
Description: This is the fourth edition of the Fasciculus and the third printed in Venice (after 1491 and 1493 editions both also by the Brothers Gregorii). It was printed in Latin and reset in Gothic type. In this edition, the page is shorter by four lines, resulting in plates that are too large and in many cases, clipped by the binder. This is the earliest edition with a real title page. Our copy lacks the urinoscopic consultation plate and the plate showing the circle of urine glasses.
Subjects (LC): Medicine-Early works to 1800, Medicine, Medieval, Human anatomy-Early works to 1800, Human anatomy-Charts, diagrams, etc, Plague-Early works to 1800, Phlebotomy-Early works to 1800

Title: Queste sono le cose contenute in questo dignissimo Fasciculo di medicina vulgare :... [1509]
Description: The ninth edition of the Fasciculus, printed in Italian in Milan (all other editions featured here are Venetian). The edition was printed by Giovanni de Castellione at the expense of Giovanni de Legnano and his brothers. While both plates and texts are taken from the Venice, 1493 edition, the plates have been reversed and introduce a number of variations. The plate with the circle of urine glasses is colored to correspond to their textual descriptions.
Subjects (LC): Medicine-Early works to 1800, Human anatomy-Charts, diagrams, etc, Genitourinary organs-Early works to 1800, Generative organs-Early works to 1800, Plague-Early works to 1800

Title: Fasciculus medicine ... tractans de anothomia et diversis infirmitatibus, et corporis humani...[1513]
Description: The eleventh edition of the Fasciculus, printed by Gregorio de Gregorii and featuring Latin Gothic type. The size of the printed page is much larger than in all other editions apart from 1491; as a consequence, the plates are less clipped by the binder (though the blocks themselves are abbreviated). Our copy lacks the frontispiece plate and the urinoscopic consultation plate.
Subjects (LC): Human anatomy-Atlases-Early works to 1800, Medicine-Atlases-Early works to 1800, Human anatomy-Early works to 1800, Genitourinary organs-Early works to 1800, Generative organs-Early works to 1800, Plague-Early works to 1800, Medicine-Early works to 1800, Human anatomy-Charts, diagrams, etc

Title: Fasciculo de medicina : collectorio universalissimo chiamado Fasciculo de medicina, extracto dalla achademia...[1522]
Description: The Arrivabeni published two editions in 1522, one in Latin and the second in Italian. This edition, in Italian, is likely the second edition published that year by the printers.
Subjects (LC): Human anatomy-Early works to 1800, Human anatomy-Atlases-Early works to 1800, Genitourinary organs-Early works to 1800, Generative organs-Early works to 1800, Plague-Early works to 1800, Phlebotomy-Early works to 1800, Materia medica-Early works to 1800, Medicine-Early works to 1800

Title: Fasciculus medicine : similitudo complexionum & elementorum. [1500]
Description: The sixth edition of the Fasciculus, and the fifth printed in Venice, also by the brothers Gregorii in Latin. The edition uses the same blocks as the 1495 edition, with some minor modifications of the plates. The edition adds a new treatise by Rhazes on children’s diseases. This is the only edition of our five with colored plates, and is bound with Savonarola's Practica medicinae.
Subjects (LC): Medicine-Early works to 1800, Medicine, Medieval, Human anatomy-Early works to 1800, Human anatomy-Charts, diagrams, etc, Surgery-Early works to 1800, Genitourinary organs-Early works to 1800, Generative organs-Early works to 1800, Plague-Early works to 1800

Title: Sapanule: Cures Neuralgia, Diptheria, Rheumatism &c.
Description: Trade card advertising Sapanule featuring a scene reminiscent of classical Chinese art. On the right side is a traditionally-dressed man with walking sticks and wooden sandals. In the left, bottom corner is a traditional Chinese fan. Beyond the man's head is a tree with creepy branches and scarce leaves. The back lists the ailments Sapanule can cure.
Conditions Cured (LC): Diphtheria, Eczema, Erysipelas, Neuralgia, Pneumonia, Rheumatism, Salt Rheum
Subjects (LC): Advertising—Medicine, China, Clothing And Dress—Chinese Influences, Clouds, Ethnic Costume, Fans, Grasslands, Nature, Trees
ID: WH345
Collection: William H. Helfand Collection of Pharmaceutical Trade Cards

Title: August Flower for Dyspepsia and Liver Complaint
Description: Trade card advertising Boschee's German Syrup and Green's August Flower featuring a young girl on a swing in a field of flowers by a body of water. She is wearing a brown dress with white accents on the cuffs and skirt. She has a light-blue sash around her waist and is wearing a blue hat. The back has an 1883 calendar and summarizes the history of Boschee's German Syrup.
Conditions Cured (LC): Bronchitis, Cold (Disease), Indigestion, Pneumonia, Tuberculosis
Subjects (LC): Advertising—Medicine, Bows, Children, Children's Clothing, Children's Hats, Clothing And Dress, Flowers, Grasses, Grasslands, Hats, Nature, Swings, Trees, Water
ID: WH228
Collection: William H. Helfand Collection of Pharmaceutical Trade Cards

Title: Your Cough or Cold can be Cured by Using Hartshorn's Cough Balsam
Description: Trade card advertising Hartshorn's Cough Balsam featuring an image of a tree with songbirds. In the background there is a body of water with a house on the shore. The back outlines why Hartshorn's Cough Balsam has gained popularity in the past, the ailments it cures, and the price.
Conditions Cured (LC): Bronchitis, Cold (Disease), Cough, Influenza, Lungs—Congestion, Pneumonia, Whooping Cough
Subjects (LC): Advertising—Medicine, Birds, Carriage Houses, Nature, Trees, Water And Architecture
ID: WH137
Collection: William H. Helfand Collection of Pharmaceutical Trade Cards

Title: Sapanule: Cures Neuralgia, Diptheria, Rheumatism &c.
Description: Trade card advertising Sapanule featuring a scene reminscent of classical Chinese art. On the right side is a traditionally-dressed woman seemingly showing a man a group of white birds perched on a branch above them. There are what look like Southern Cattails in the left, bottom corner. The back lists the ailments Sapanule can cure.
Conditions Cured (LC): Diphtheria, Eczema, Erysipelas, Neuralgia, Pneumonia, Rheumatism, Salt Rheum
Subjects (LC): Advertising—Medicine, Animals, Birds, China, Clothing And Dress—Chinese Influences, Clouds, Ethnic Costume, Flowers, Grasslands, Nature, Trees, Typha
ID: WH198
Collection: William H. Helfand Collection of Pharmaceutical Trade Cards

Title: Hood's Sarsaparilla Purifies the blood, creates an appetite, makes the weak strong, and builds up the system
Description: Trade card advertising Hood's Sarsaparilla featuring a cupid-like boy with small wings and a blue garment around his waist. He is marching while playing a golden horn and holding a yellow box of Hood's Sarsaparilla. The back lists the health benefits of blood purification, as well as the ingredients Hood's Sarsaparilla.
Conditions Cured (LC): Asthenia, Body Fluids, Constipation, Furuncle, Headache, Indigestion, Salt Rheum, Scrofula, Syphilis
Subjects (LC): Advertising—Medicine, Angels, Cherubs, Folklore, Musical Instruments, Mythology
ID: WH144
Collection: William H. Helfand Collection of Pharmaceutical Trade Cards

Title: Greens August Flower. Boschee's German Syrup
Description: Trade card advertising Boschee's German Syrup and Green's August Flower featuring a landscape filled with men driving horse-drawn carriages; two bridges, one of which has a train going over it; and infrastructure in the background. The landscape is filled with rocks, fields, and trees. The back lists the ailments Boschee's German Syrup can cure.
Conditions Cured (LC): Bronchitis, Cold (Disease), Indigestion, Pneumonia, Tuberculosis
Subjects (LC): Advertising—Medicine, Animals, Bridges, Carriages And Carts, Horses, Nature, Railroad Trains, Rocks, Smoke Plumes, Trails, Trees
ID: WH229
Collection: William H. Helfand Collection of Pharmaceutical Trade Cards

Title: Kendall's Spavin Cure
Description: Trade card advertising Kendall's Spavin Cure featuring a donkey braying at a well-dressed man. A fence separates the two, on top of which there is a young boy sitting. They are surrounded by a field of grass with trees and birds in the background. The back features testimony from satisfied customers.
Conditions Cured (LC): Bad Breath, Bruises, Bunion, Burns And Scalds, Frostbite, Neuralgia, Rheumatism, Thrush (Mouth Disease), Wounds And Injuries
Subjects (LC): Advertising—Medicine, Animals, Birds, Children, Donkeys, Dress And Clothing, Eyeglasses, Grasslands, Men, Men's Hats, Nature, Neckties, Trees
ID: WH291
Collection: William H. Helfand Collection of Pharmaceutical Trade Cards

Title: This Brief Notice May Save Long Illness, Suffering, and Expense, and Even Life Itself! [from verso]
Description: Trade card advertising Hartshorn's Sarsaparilla and Iron and Hartshorn's Flavoring Extracts featuring a wintry landscape with a castle. There is a bouquet on the left with white, red, and blue flowers and a snow-covered branch with pink-blue-white-and-yellow birds flying around its branches. There is a bridge over a small body of water in the lower, right corner. The back describes the curative properties of the products advertised.
Conditions Cured (LC): Body Fluids
Subjects (LC): Advertising—Medicine, Birds, Bridges, Castles, Crosses—Cult, Daisies, Flowers, Holy Cross, Mansions, Nature, Roses, Snow, Trees, Water And Architecture, Winter, Winter
ID: WH392
Collection: William H. Helfand Collection of Pharmaceutical Trade Cards

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